The formation of Horst and Graben landforms is primarily associated with which type of crustal stress?

💡 Explanation:

Horst (uplifted block) and Graben (down-dropped block) systems, which create rift valleys and block mountains, are characteristic features formed under tensional stress. Tensional stress causes normal faulting, where the Earth's crust is pulled apart and stretched. Compressional stress leads to folding and reverse faulting (fold mountains), while shear stress causes strike-slip faulting.