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#1
By Rabia Anum
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Medium
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Fact Checked
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21 Jul 2026
Which landform consists of a long, winding ridge of sand and gravel deposited by a subglacial stream?
💡 Explanation:An esker is a sinuous ridge of stratified sand and gravel deposited by meltwater flowing through tunnels within or beneath a glacier.
#2
By Ahmed Akber
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Medium
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Fact Checked
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25 Apr 2026
Which term describes a plateau that is completely or partially surrounded by mountain ranges?
💡 Explanation:Intermontane plateaus are the highest and most extensive plateaus on Earth, characterized by being enclosed by mountain ranges; the Tibetan Plateau is a primary example.
#3
By Rabia Anum
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Medium
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Fact Checked
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22 Jan 2026
What process primarily forms landforms associated with Karst topography?
💡 Explanation:Karst topography is a distinctive landscape (featuring sinkholes, caves, and underground drainage) formed by the dissolution of soluble bedrock, most commonly limestone. This process is primarily achieved through chemical weathering, where mildly acidic water (containing carbonic acid) dissolves the calcium carbonate in the rock.
#4
By Kalsoom Tahir
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Medium
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Fact Checked
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17 Jan 2026
Which of the following is classified as one of the four major landforms on Earth?
💡 Explanation:The four major types of landforms are Mountains, Plateaus, Plains, and Hills. Alluvial fans, sinkholes, and moraines are considered minor or third-order landforms formed by specific processes like river deposition, chemical weathering (karst), and glaciation, respectively.
#5
By Kalsoom Tahir
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Hard
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Fact Checked
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12 Jan 2026
The formation of Horst and Graben landforms is primarily associated with which type of crustal stress?
💡 Explanation:Horst (uplifted block) and Graben (down-dropped block) systems, which create rift valleys and block mountains, are characteristic features formed under tensional stress. Tensional stress causes normal faulting, where the Earth's crust is pulled apart and stretched. Compressional stress leads to folding and reverse faulting (fold mountains), while shear stress causes strike-slip faulting.
#6
By Kalsoom Tahir
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Medium
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Fact Checked
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11 Jan 2026
Which landform is primarily a result of endogenic forces, unlike the others?
💡 Explanation:Fold Mountains are primarily formed by endogenic forces, specifically the compressive stresses resulting from the collision of tectonic plates, which leads to the uplift and folding of the Earth's crust. In contrast, Floodplains (by river deposition), Moraines (by glacial deposition), and Canyons (by river erosion) are all landforms created primarily by exogenic geomorphic processes (weathering, erosion, and deposition) driven by external energy sources like solar radiation and gravity.
#7
By Rabia Anum
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Easy
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Fact Checked
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16 Dec 2025
Which landform results when a river’s meander loop is cut off by neck erosion and deposition?
💡 Explanation:An Oxbow Lake forms in the mature stage of a river when the river cuts across the narrow neck of a meander, straightening its course. The former meander loop is then isolated by deposition, becoming an oxbow-shaped body of water.
#8
By Kalsoom Tahir
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Medium
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Fact Checked
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07 Dec 2025
Which landforms result from a large mass of land broken and vertically displaced due to faulting?
💡 Explanation:Block mountains are created when a large block of the Earth’s crust is uplifted or downthrown relative to its surrounding areas due to tensional or compressional forces causing faulting and vertical displacement. The uplifted blocks are called horsts, and the lowered blocks are called graben (rift valleys). Fold mountains, in contrast, are formed by compressional forces causing the folding of rock strata.
#9
By Kalsoom Tahir
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Medium
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11 Nov 2025
Which erosional landform is characterized by a wide, flat top protected by a resistant caprock layer, and steep, cliff-like sides, commonly found in arid and semi-arid regions?
💡 Explanation:A Mesa (Spanish for 'table') is an isolated flat-topped hill or mountain, typical of dry regions. It forms through differential erosion, where a hard, resistant layer of rock (the caprock) protects the softer underlying layers from being worn away.
#10
By Kalsoom Tahir
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Medium
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03 Nov 2025
What valley shape is created by glacial erosion?
💡 Explanation:Glaciers carve valleys into a characteristic U-shape, unlike the V-shape carved by rivers.
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