Which mountain range primarily influences the arid climate of western Pakistan by blocking summer monsoon winds?

💡 Explanation:

The Sulaiman and Kirthar Ranges run north-south and act as a significant barrier against the moisture-laden summer monsoon winds originating from the Arabian Sea, preventing them from reaching the western plateau (Balochistan) and parts of western Sindh. This rain-shadow effect is the primary factor contributing to the arid and semi-arid climate of western Pakistan.