What principle from the Berlin Conference (1884–1885) legitimized European claims to African territory?

💡 Explanation:

The General Act of the Berlin Conference established the 'Principle of Effective Occupation' (also known as the Principle of Effectivity). This rule, outlined in Articles 34 and 35, stated that a colonial power could only claim rights over an African coastal territory if it demonstrated effective control, typically by establishing administration, flying its flag, and maintaining order, rather than simply announcing a claim.