What major geological theory explains the slow movement of Earth’s continents and the formation of significant surface features like mountain ranges and ocean trenches?

Explanation:

Plate Tectonics is the scientific theory that describes the large-scale motion of Earth's lithosphere, which is divided into several major plates that slowly move over the mantle. This movement explains continental drift, earthquakes, volcanic activity, and the formation of Earth's major geological features such as mountain ranges, ocean trenches, and rift valleys.