The Second Law of Thermodynamics fundamentally limits the efficiency of which process?

💡 Explanation:

The Second Law of Thermodynamics (specifically the Kelvin-Planck statement) states that it is impossible to construct a device that operates in a cycle and produces no effect other than the extraction of heat from a reservoir and the performance of an equivalent amount of work. This fundamentally limits the maximum possible efficiency (Carnot efficiency) for converting heat energy into mechanical work.