Which 1935 US Supreme Court decision limited presidential power to remove heads of independent regulatory agencies without cause?

💡 Explanation:

The 1935 case, Humphrey's Executor v. United States, established limits on the President’s removal power over officials of independent agencies (like the Federal Trade Commission) who perform quasi-legislative or quasi-judicial functions, requiring 'cause' for removal rather than 'at-will' authority. This principle is a cornerstone of the US administrative state.