What fundamental policy shift allowed sports like skateboarding and surfing to be included in the Olympics?

💡 Explanation:

The inclusion of sports like skateboarding and surfing is a direct result of the Olympic Agenda 2020 reforms. These reforms gave the Organising Committees for the Olympic Games (OCOG), i.e., the host cities, the power to propose a limited number of additional sports to the IOC Session for inclusion on a per-Games basis. This approach prioritizes relevance to the host city and aims to increase youth appeal, media attractiveness, and gender equality, moving away from a rigid list of 'core' sports.