Which political system is characterized by the head of state being elected, rather than inheriting the position?

💡 Explanation:

A republic is a form of government in which the head of state is not a monarch and is usually elected for a fixed term, and where the people (or a significant portion of them) have supreme power exercised through elected representatives. In contrast, a monarchy features a hereditary head of state. An oligarchy is rule by a small group, and a theocracy is rule by religious authorities.