Which ancient civilization, prominent in Mesoamerica, independently developed the mathematical concept of zero and created a highly accurate solar calendar system long before European contact?

💡 Explanation:

The Maya civilization (circa 2000 BCE to 900 CE) is credited with independently developing the concept of zero as a placeholder in their base-20 (vigesimal) numbering system. Their advanced understanding of astronomy also allowed them to create incredibly accurate calendar cycles, such as the Haab' (solar calendar) and the Tzolkin (sacred calendar).